新SAT阅读的18种题型汇总
新SAT的样题虽然不多,但是根据几篇内容已经可以大概掌握出新版阅读的出题规律。新SAT的OG将其阅读题型分成三大块:对文本信息的考察;对作者写作技能的考察;以及综合考察。今天就给各位同学从这几个角度,为大家做一个新SAT阅读的题型盘点。
一、Informationand Ideas: The Author’s Message (对文本信息的考察)
包括以下题型:
1、文本细节的考查
1)直接信息题(ExplicitMeaning),该类题型能够直接从文本中找到信息,题目中通常出现如下字眼“Accordingto the passage,” “states,” “indicates,“等。如:Theauthors indicate that people value gift-giving because they feel it…?
2)隐含信息题(ImplicitMeaning),该类题型需要理解文本的隐含意思,题目中通常出现如下字眼“basedon the passage,” “it can reasonably be inferred,”“implies,” 等。如:Basedon the passage, the author’s statement “…” impliesthat…?
3)类比题(Analogy),考察对文本内容特征的把握及应用,如“Whichof the following situations is most analogous to the relationshipmentioned in line 5 to 10?
2、文本论据的考查
循证题(CitingTextual Evidence),要求为上一题的答案寻找论据或者为某个结论提供论据。
如:Whichchoice provides the best evidence for the answer to the previousquestion? (寻找上一题答案论据),或者Inlines 46-50(”Prosecutions…sens”),whatis the most likely reason Jordan draws a distinction between twotypes of “parties”? (为某个结论提供论据)
循证题是对文本论据的考察,在每个篇章中会出现两题,共10题。
3、文本传达信息的考查
1)中心思想/主旨题(CentralIdea/ Theme),是对整篇文章的主旨或段落中心思想的考察。如:Thecentral claim of the passage is that…?(对整篇文章主旨的考察),或者Thecentral idea of the fourth paragraph (line35-57)isthat…?(对段落中心思想的考察);
2)小结题(Summary),对整篇文章或段落的小结,如:Whichchoice best summarizes the passage?
3)关系题(Relationship),考察人物,事件,观点之间的因果,对比,递进等关系,如:Whichchoice best describes the relationship between neurons andcelebrities?
4)单词/词组释义题(InterpretingWords and Phrases in Context),顾名思义,即是对单词、词组意思的考察。如:Asused in line 10, “intense” most nearly means…?
二、Rhetoric:The Author’s Craft (对作者写作技能的考察)
包括以下题型:
1、单词/词组/句子功能题(AnalyzingWord Choice) ,包括使用目的,作用和效果。如:Woolfuses the word “we” throughout the passage mainly to…?
2、文本结构题(AnalyzingText Structure) ,对文本总体结构的考察或对部分内容与整篇文章的关系的考察。如:Overthe course of the passage, the main focus of the narrative shiftsfrom the … to…?
3、观点态度题(AnalyzingPoint of View) ,对作者或人物观点,态度和立场的考察。题目中通常包括”perspective”,“point of view”等字眼。如:Thestance Jordan takes in the passage is best described as that of…?
4、目的题 (AnalyzingPurpose) ,对整篇文章或部分段落目的的考察。题目中通常包括“purpose”,“function”等字眼。选项中也通常出现“criticize”,“support”,“present”,“introduce”等字眼。如:Themain purpose of the passage is to…?
5、论证题 (AnalyzingArguments) ,对作者在论证过程中的论点,反论点,论证方式和论据的考察。题目中通常出现“claim”,“counterclaim”,“reason”,“evidence”等字眼。如:Astudent claims that nitrogenous bases pair randomly with one another.Which of the following statements in the passage contradicts thestudent’s claim?
三、Synthesis(综合题),该类指的是涉及到双篇文章的题目或文章与图表综合考察的题目。
1、双篇题(AnalyzingMultiple Questions)通常分为取同,取异,互联题。
1)取同题,对两篇文章的相同点的考察。如:Thecrows in Passage 1 and the ravens in Passage 2 shared which trait?
2)取异题,对两篇文章的不同点的考察。如:Onedifference between the experiments described in the two passages isthat unlike the researchers discussed in Passage 1, the author ofPassage 2…?
3)互联题,对两篇文章的相关性的考察。如:Isthe main conclusion presented by the author of Passage 2 consistentwith Morgan’s canon, as described in Passage 1?
以上三种题型皆涉及到对双篇文章的分析。
2、图表题 (AnalyzingQuantitative Information)包括对图表信息的直接或间接的考察,以及对图表信息和文本内容的综合考察。 如:Whichclaim about traffic congestion is supported by the graph?或者:Itcan reasonably be inferred from the passage and the graphic that…?
综上所述:
从词汇层面看,词汇题考察的是词汇的意思和功能;
从段落层面看,考察的题目包括观点态度题,目的题,小结题,中心思想题,论证题,细节类题型等等;
从篇章层面看,同样包括细节题,态度,目的,小结,中心思想题,论证题,还包括关系题,循证题,文本结构题等。